Objectives
This course is to provide a simplified understanding of the principles and practices involved in oil displacement by water injection. It covers proven and developing practices employed in designing waterflood projects, monitoring progress of floods, and steering the process towards optimizing performance and maximizing oil recovery.
This course is light on theory and heavy on experience gained collective by the oil industry.
You will learn:
• The natural recovery processes that pave the wave to a waterflood project
• Basic reasons for flooding an oil reservoir
• The primary role and responsibility of various disciplines needed and the secondary/support contributions of each in a waterflood project
• Ways to identify/diagnose operative mechanisms in a flood project and means to optimize their influence throughout the project life
• Tools employed in designing a project, forecasting recovery
• expectations, and assessing risks and rewards
• Ways and means to monitor flood performance and steer the process towards optimization of performance and recovery
• Critical review of historical performance of other projects and deduce lessons and inferences for future use
• Resources available in the oil industry at-large
INTRODUCTION
- Waterflooding
- Reservoir life cycle
- Why is waterflooding needed
- Limits of primary recovery of oil reservoirs Limits of primary recovery of gas reservoirs A typical waterflood project
- Key questions in designing a waterflood
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
- Attributes
- Reservoir habitat
- Porosity
- Permeability
- Formation compressibility
- Rock Wettability
- Fluid distribution in a reservoir
- Oil-water relative permeability
- Reservoir heterogeneity
- Reservoir connectivity
- Hydrocarbon classification
- Relation between surface and reservoir conditions
W ATERFLOOD MECHANISMS
- Modes of water movement
- Recovery considerations
- Displacement efficiency
- Areal sweep efficiency
- Vertical sweep efficiency
DESIGN ASPECTS OF WATERFLOOD
- Designing a waterflood project
- Effect of free gas saturation on waterflood
- Oil saturation on start of waterflood
- Residual oil saturation at end of waterflood
- Total oil recovery
- Optimum timing for a waterflood
- Optimum injection pressure level
- Optimum waterflood pattern
- A pilot project
- Injection water
PERFORMANCE FORECASTING
- Predicting waterflood performance
- Empirical techniques
- Analytical techniques
- Material balance considerations
- Performance data analysis
- Simulation technology
- Injection well performance
- Analysis of water injection data
- Special tests for injection wells
- Produced water management
- Water shut-off treatments
UNCERTAINTIES & RISKS
- Identification of potential risks
WATERFLOOD MONITORING
- Injection well monitoring
- Production well monitoring
- Flood front tracking
- Injection-production balancing
RECOVERY OPTIMIZATION
- Production optimization
- Infill drilling
- Sweep improvement in waterfloods
BEYOND WATERFLOOD
- Useful tidbits for waterfloods
- Common sense in waterflooding
- Oil recovery enhancement techniques
For more information, email us: training@kupic.net |
